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KMID : 0381319950340010008
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health
1995 Volume.34 No. 1 p.8 ~ p.18
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The Status of Organic Solvent Usages and the Comparison of Organic Solvent Concentrations by Velocity of Local Exhaust Ventilation
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Abstract
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In order to examine the concentrations for organic solvents exposed workers and the effects of local exhaust ventilation system, samples were collected from the spraying, the solvent cleaning, and the auto and the manual glueing processes in 10 shoemaking plants and from the manual glueing works in 3 leather clothing plants.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The components of undiluted toluene solution were 72.5% of toluene and 5.1% of aceton, solvents were 4.8% of n-hexane, 2.8% of toluene, 2.1% of xylene and 88.4% of others, bond were 76.8% of toluene and 4.1% of n-hexane.
2. The geometric mean concentrations of toluene from the spraying, the solvent cleaning, the auto glueing and the manual glueing processes in shoemaking plants were 60.3 ppm, 42.5 ppm, 35.9 ppm and 22.4 ppm, respectively while that from the manual glueing process in leather clothing plants was 36.2 ppm.
3. The geometric mean concentrations of n-hexane from the spraying, the solvent cleaning, the auto glueing and the manual glueing processes in shoemaking plants were 2.2 ppm, 16.6 ppm, 12.1 ppm and 4.9 ppm, respectively while that from the manual glueing process in leather clothing plants was 3.7 ppm.
4. The geometric mean concentrations of ethylacetate from the solvent cleaning, the spraying, the auto glueing and the manual glueing processes in shoemaking plants were 14.9 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 12.2 ppm and 5.5 ppm, respectively while that from the manual glueing process in leather clothing plants was 1.2 ppm:
5. Among the shoemaking and the leather clothing plants investigated(total 48 processes), only 37.5%(18 processes) were with some form of local exhaust ventilation system.
The most common types of local ventilation system were the side draft booth type for the spraying process and the down draft type for the glueing and the solvent cleaning prosesses.
6. No significant differences of n-hexane and ethylacetate concentrations were found between with and without local exhaust ventilation systems.
The difference of toluene concentrations between with and without local exhaust ventilation system was very sighificant.
7. No significant correlation was found between organic solvent concentrations and the capture and the face velocities.
The study suggests that a suitable general ventilation system be installed with adequate air volume to control airborne solvent contaminants in the leather processing plants. Also local exhaust ventilation systems be designed to possess effective capture velocities. Since the workers were unnecessarily exposed to orgainc solvent vapors escaping from unlidded solvent cans, the employers are encouraged to provide lidded cans that can minimize sovlent vapor evaporation and to educate workers so that they put the lid on the can while not in use.
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